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The greatest monument of the 12th century Russian culture is the Tale of Igor's Campaign telling about the failed campaign of the Novgorod Prince Igor Svyatoslavich to conquer the Cumans (aka the Polovtsy) in 1185. The author was an avid supporter of the country’s unity, the unity of its strongest princes and its people.


The architecture of Galitsk-Volynsk Russia was no less remarkable. Here are the famous architecture monuments, such as the Assumption Cathedral in Vladimir-Volynsk, St. Panteleymon Church, a complex of princely palace constructions in Galich, etc.


Along with sorcerers and healers there appeared doctors. In Kiev, for example, there lived the well-known doctor Agapit, who knew “potions to heal this or that illness”.


Invasions of aggressors and natural disasters ruined lots of precious works of architecture, painting, applied arts and literature. The names of common people who created masterpieces of murals and stone carving, fine silver embossing and monumental architecture for secular and religious feudal lords have been forgotten.


ORTINSKY site of ancient settlement was inhabited in the 6th – 10th centuries. It is located in the Nenets Autonomous Area, on the right bank of River Pechora, 90 km below Naryan-Mar, around the inflow of the Ortina River into it.


The Ivolginsky site was a frontier outpost, a trade and barter trade point, as well as the administrative, handicraft and agricultural center in the northern suburb of the Hunnic Empire founded in the 3rd century BC.


ALABORG was an Old Russian town recorded in the Scandinavian sagas about Halvdan Eysteinsson and Ganger Hrolf (Hrolf the Walker) as a town near Alde Gyuborg (Ladoga), and, besides, its vassal.


LABRITA was an ancient city that Strabo wrote about: “There is the city of Labrita not far from the sea in Sindike Kingdom”. The Semibratny Site might be that very town of Labrita.


SINTASHTA is the largest archaeological monument of the Bronze Age (3rd – 2nd millennia BC). It was the cultural and spiritual center of the Arkaim Land of Cities. The site includes a fortified town, a burial ground, the temple complex Big Sintashta Barrow and lots of small barrows.


The adoption of Christianity in Russia promoted not only the development of Russia literature, but also laid the foundation to the Russian art and first of all church architecture and church painting.


The Middle Ages played a special role in the history of the Russian culture. The of the Middle Ages era lasted in Russia longer than in other European countries, and it echoed in Russian culture till the early 19th century, when the "radical" archaism of the province "met" the imagined romanticism of the Middle Ages.


It is a more ambitious version about the oldest city of Russia. Veliky Novgorod is also considered to be the most ancient Russian city. At least, all of its dwellers think so.


It still remains a mystery which Russian city is the oldest one. Archeologists and scientists carry out various researches, but however profound they are, there is still not enough information. Therefore one can mention several versions, according to which there are three cities that might be the oldest in Russia.


Shambhala is the mythical land described in Hinduism and Buddhism. The fairy land promises fantastic conditions, such as eternal youth and knowledge of the whole world.


World legends mention some mythical realms of magicians and gods, the lands with infinite riches and the source of eternal youth. The mankind is rushed off its feet while searching for traces of them. Scientists assume that some of them should be looked for in Russia.


The Nizhny Novgorod Region harbours Lake Svetloyar, a pearl of Russian nature. This lake is sometimes called little Russian Atlantis: its history is steeped in legends. The main legend of Svetloyar tells about the invisible Kitezh Grad town.


One of the world enigmas are ghost towns that vanished from the surface of the globe either due to natural cataclysms or by choice of people. There are such mysterious traces of vanished towns in Russia as well.


A new generation of talented artists appeared on the arena of Russian culture in the decade from 1907 to 1917.


Realistic approach in painting, as well as in literature, was very fruitful. Ilya Repin, Vasily Surikov, Viktor Vasnetsov, Vasily Vereshchagin, Vasily Polenov and other outstanding artists continued their painting in the late 19th – early 20th centuries.


A remarkable event in the cultural life of Russia of the late 19th – early 20th centuries was the foundation of the Moscow Art Theater by Konstantin Stanislavsky and Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko.


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