Ancient people often used their teeth like a "third hand", to help themselves. This, in turn, caused erosions on some of their teeth. Even today glassblowers, trumpeters and cobblers damage their teeth through their activity.
Russian archaeologists have for years been studying the burial ground Mayachny Bugor situated near Krasnoyarskoe Mound in Astrakhan Region. The burial ground returned 229 sculls, of which 84 were female. When studying the sculls, researchers found that 5 females had dental erosions as deep as 1,5 millimeters.
Evgeny Peperva Ph.D., of Volgograd branch of the Russian Academy of Horticulture, suggested these erosions were caused by women either making fishing nets, or weaving cloths. People who lived around Krasnoyarskoe Mound specialised in pottery, glass-blowing, husbandry, metal work, carving, and stone cutting. That dental erosions could be caused by eating watermelon or pumpkin seeds is unlikely: male sculls would then also show dental erosions, which is not the case.
Researchers previously found hooks, sinkers and numerous cartilage and bones of sturgeon and ordinary fish. The area evidently knew fishing, too. This allowed Dr. Pererva to propose his first idea that these women from the Golden Horde used their teeth in knitting fishing nets. Although this is normally thought to have been a male activity, Dr. Pererva believes in this particular area it could be women who made nets.
Another theory is that these ladies got erosions through biting off threads during weaving. Until now scholars assumed that the Golden Horde people knew no weaving. However, in Mayachny Bugor burial ground they discovered several whorls that suggest that the buried women did weave cloths.
If this second theory is correct, it is certainly a breakthrough in the Golden Horde studies, as it introduces us to an activity - weaving - that previously thought to have not been exercised in the Golden Horde.
Author: Julia Shuvalova