The main branch of industry of Ulyanovsk Region is mechanic engineering. The largest aircraft factory in Europe, Aviastar-SP, is situated here. It produces all-cargo aircrafts An-124 Ruslan, pride of the Russian aviation, and medium-range aircraft Tu-204.
Ulyanovsk car plant was founded on the base of the Moscow car plant ZIL, evoked there during the Second World War. It is still functioning, producing UAZ offroaders.