Novoaltaisk is a Russian city (since 1942), the administrative center of the Pervomaisk District of the Altai Territory.

The city extends along the right bank of River Ob, in the lower course of its right inflow, the Chesnokovka River, about 12 km away from the city of Barnaul. The city of Novoaltaisk is a large transport hub, one of Russia's 10 biggest railway junctions. The city stands at the crossroads of railways and highways of federal importance.

The city with the population of 73 134 people takes the area of 7180 hectares.

Novoaltaisk is located in a forest-steppe zone of the West Siberian lowland with sharp continental, rather stern climate, in the area of risk agriculture. The annual average air temperature makes 0 Centigrade. Absolute minimum of January temperature is −52 °C. Absolute maximum temperature of July is +38 °C.

The profitable location of Novoaltaisk at the 12 km distance from Barnaul, its historically developed close industrial, commercial and cultural connections with the regional center, and availability of developed industrial sphere, determine the significance of Novoaltaisk as a large railway junction, as well as a production, industrial and transport center of the Altai Territory.